ECCN 1C351

ECCN 1C351: Human and animal pathogens and toxins

Last Updated January 16, 2023

NOTE: Biological agents and pathogens are controlled under this ECCN 1C351 when they are an isolated live culture of a pathogen agent, or a preparation of a toxin agent that has been isolated or extracted from any source or material, including living material that has been deliberately inoculated or contaminated with the agent. Isolated live cultures of a pathogen agent include live cultures in dormant form or in dried preparations, whether the agent is natural, enhanced or modified.

NOTE: All vaccines and “immunotoxins” are excluded from the scope of this entry. Certain medical products and diagnostic and food testing kits that contain biological toxins controlled under paragraph (d) of this entry, with the exception of toxins controlled for CW reasons under 1C351.d.14 or .d.15, are excluded from the scope of this entry. Vaccines, “immunotoxins”, certain medical products, and diagnostic and food testing kits excluded from the scope of this entry are controlled under ECCN 1C991. For the purposes of this entry “immunotoxin” is defined as monoclonal antibodies linked to a toxin with the intention of destroying a specific target cell while leaving adjacent cells intact.

  1. Viruses, as follows:
    1. African horse sickness virus;
    2. African swine fever virus;
    3. Andes virus;
    4. Avian influenza (AI) viruses identified as having high pathogenicity (HP), as follows:
      1. AI viruses that have an intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) in 6-week-old chickens greater than 1.2; or
      2. AI viruses that cause at least 75% mortality in 4- to 8-week-old chickens infected intravenously.
    5. Bluetongue virus;
    6. Chapare virus;
    7. Chikungunya virus;
    8. Choclo virus;
    9. Classical swine fever virus (Hog cholera virus);
    10. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus;
    11. Dobrava-Belgrade virus;
    12. Eastern equine encephalitis virus;
    13. Ebolavirus (includes all members of the Ebolavirus genus);
    14. Foot-and-mouth disease virus;
    15. Goatpox virus;
    16. Guanarito virus;
    17. Hantaan virus;
    18. Hendra virus (Equine morbillivirus);
    19. Japanese encephalitis virus;
    20. Junin virus;
    21. Kyasanur Forest disease virus;
    22. Laguna Negra virus;
    23. Lassa virus;
    24. Louping ill virus;
    25. Lujo virus;
    26. Lumpy skin disease virus;
    27. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus;
    28. Machupo virus;
    29. Marburgvirus (includes all members of the Marburgvirus genus);
    30. Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-related coronavirus);
    31. Monkeypox virus;
    32. Murray Valley encephalitis virus;
    33. Newcastle disease virus;
    34. Nipah virus;
    35. Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus;
    36. Oropouche virus;
    37. Peste-des-petits ruminants virus;
    38. Porcine Teschovirus;
    39. Powassan virus;
    40. Rabies virus and all other members of the Lyssavirus genus;
    41. Reconstructed 1918 influenza virus (including reconstructed replication competent forms of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus containing any portion of the coding regions of all eight gene segments);
    42. Rift Valley fever virus;
    43. Rinderpest virus;
    44. Rocio virus;
    45. Sabia virus;
    46. Seoul virus;
    47. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-related coronavirus);
    48. Sheeppox virus;
    49. Sin Nombre virus;
    50. St. Louis encephalitis virus;
    51. Suid herpesvirus 1 (Pseudorabies virus; Aujeszky’s disease);
    52. Swine vesicular disease virus;
    53. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (Far Eastern subtype, formerly known as Russian Spring-Summer encephalitis virus—see 1C351.b.3 for Siberian subtype);
    54. Variola virus;
    55. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus;
    56. Vesicular stomatitis virus;
    57. Western equine encephalitis virus; or
    58. Yellow fever virus.
  2. Viruses, as follows:
    1. [Reserved];
    2. [Reserved]; or
    3. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (Siberian subtype, formerly West Siberian virus—see 1C351.a.53 for Far Eastern subtype).
  3. Bacteria, as follows:
    1. Bacillus anthracis;
    2. Brucella abortus;
    3. Brucella melitensis;
    4. Brucella suis;
    5. Burkholderia mallei (Pseudomonas mallei);
    6. Burkholderia pseudomallei (Pseudomonas pseudomallei);
    7. Chlamydia psittaci (Chlamydophila psittaci);
    8. Clostriduim argentinense (formerly known as Clostridium botulinum Type G), botulinum neurotoxin producing strains;
    9. Clostridium baratii, botulinum neurotoxin producing strains;
    10. Clostridium botulinum;
    11. Clostridium butyricum, botulinum neurotoxin producing strains;
    12. Clostridium perfringens, epsilon toxin producing types;
    13. Coxiella burnetii;
    14. Francisella tularensis;
    15. Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (“strain F38”);
    16. Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides SC (small colony) (a.k.a. contagious bovine pleuropneumonia);
    17. Rickettsia prowazekii;
    18. Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi (Salmonella typhi);
    19. Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) of serogroups O26, O45, O103, O104, O111, O121, O145, O157, and other shiga toxin producing serogroups; (Note: Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is also known as enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) or verocytotoxin producing E. coli (VTEC).)
    20. Shigella dysenteriae;
    21. Vibrio cholerae; or
    22. Yersinia pestis.
  4. Toxins, as follows, and subunits thereof:
    1. Abrin;
    2. Aflatoxins;
    3. Botulinum toxins;
    4. Brevetoxins;
    5. Clostridium perfringens alpha, beta 1, beta 2, epsilon and iota toxins;
    6. Conotoxins;
    7. Diacetoxyscirpenol;
    8. Gonyautoxins;
    9. HT–2 toxin;
    10. Microcystins (Cyanginosins);
    11. Modeccin;
    12. Nodularins;
    13. Palytoxin;
    14. Ricin;
    15. Saxitoxin;
    16. Shiga toxins (shiga-like toxins, verotoxins, and verocytotoxins);
    17. Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins, hemolysin alpha toxin, and toxic shock syndrome toxin (formerly known as Staphylococcus enterotoxin F);
    18. T–2 toxin;
    19. Tetrodotoxin;
    20. Viscumin (Viscum album lectin 1); or
    21. Volkensin.
  5. Fungi, as follows:
    1. Coccidioides immitis; or
    2. Coccidioides posadasii.